In the January 1990 issue of Sky and Telescope magazine, page 74 Clyde Hostetter of San Luis Obispo California looks into this question and comes to a surprising conclusion. Yes!
When Venus is near its largest angular size at 'Inferior Conjunction', some 54 arcseconds, some people claim to have no trouble to barely discern its crescent shape. This is very close to the 1 arcminute resolution that is commonly cited as the limit to human angular resolution. This corresponds roughly to the classical '20/20' vision criterion. But this acuity may be an average in which some members of the population have acuities of 20/10 in which means they can see at 20 feet what normally-sighted people can see at 20 feet with 'perfect' vision at the theoretical 1 arcminute limit. One observer, in fact, reported that he had 20/20 in one eye and 20/10 in the other and 'had no trouble' seeing Venus's crescent shape with the 'good' eye. Children also report seeing a crescent Venus, but seldom discuss it with adults because it is no big deal to them and their newly-minted eyesight!