Could the big bang have been a white hole?

Not very easily.

The problem is that white holes and big bang cosmology are two very different solutions to Einstein's general relativistic equation for gravity. White hole 'solutions' require a background space-time in which their particular curvature manifests itself, and within which the world lines of particles emerging from this type of singularity can be defined. Big bang solutions require no 'embedding space' a priori because unlike the 'local solutions' of white holes and black holes, the cosmological solutions are global solutions for the geometry of spacetime. There is nothing outside of them to serve as a background for world lines to be defined. You cannot convert the big bang singularity into a white hole singularity for the same reason that you cannot change a cat into dog.


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